T: This category includes 100BASE-T, 1000BASE-T, 2.5GBASE-T, and 5GBASE-T. These transceivers typically support a distance of up to 100 meters over Cat5 cable.
SX: SX stands for short reach and is defined in IEEE 802.3z. For instance, 1000BASE-SX reaches up to 550 meters on multimode fiber, with a typical wavelength of 850nm.
LX: LX stands for extended reach and is also defined in IEEE 802.3z. 1000BASE-LX reaches distances of up to 10 kilometers on single-mode fiber, with a typical wavelength of 1310nm.
EX: Similar to LX, EX stands for extended reach and is defined in IEEE 802.3z. 1000BASE-EX reaches distances of up to 40 kilometers on single-mode fiber, with a typical wavelength of 1310nm.
ZX: Also falling under the extended reach category, ZX is defined in IEEE 802.3z. For instance, 1000BASE-ZX reaches distances of up to 70 kilometers (or 80 kilometers) on single-mode fiber.
EZX: Although not a standard type, EZX is defined by some manufacturers and widely accepted by customers. The "E" signifies extended, indicating it's a long-reach transceiver. EZX transceivers can reach maximum distances of 120 kilometers or even 160 kilometers, typically operating at a wavelength of 1550nm.
BX: BX refers to a bi-directional (BiDi) SFP transceiver. These transceivers use WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing) technology to transmit two wavelengths on a single fiber. BX transceivers typically support transmission distances ranging from 10 kilometers to 80 kilometers. BX usually contains two variants: BX-U (upstream) and BX-D (downstream), with each direction utilizing opposite wavelengths (e.g., 1310nm-TX/1490nm-RX and 1490nm-TX/1310nm-RX).
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